What does heart disease encompass?

Heart disease is a broad term that encompasses a variety of heart conditions that affect the heart's structure and function. It includes, but is not limited to, coronary artery disease, which is caused by the buildup of plaque in the arteries that supply blood to the heart muscle. Additionally, it covers congenital heart defects, which are heart malformations present at birth, as well as other conditions such as heart valve disease, cardiomyopathy, and heart rhythm disorders (arrhythmias).

The correct answer reflects the comprehensive nature of heart disease, illustrating that it is not limited to a single type of condition or problem. It is important for health professionals to recognize the diverse range of problems that can fall under the umbrella of heart disease, as understanding this variety can significantly impact prevention, treatment, and management strategies for individuals at risk or experiencing these conditions.

Other options are too restrictive or specific, failing to capture the full scope of what heart disease includes. Heart rhythm problems, high blood pressure, and heart attacks are all aspects of heart disease, but they do not represent the complete picture.