What does a calorie surplus result in terms of nutrient consumption?

A calorie surplus occurs when an individual consumes more calories than their body expends. This excess energy is primarily stored in the body for future use, and one of the main outcomes of this process is the storage of fat. When calories available from food exceed the body's energy requirements, the body converts the surplus energy into fat through a process called lipogenesis. This is a key mechanism that explains how body weight increases when calorie intake is consistently higher than energy expenditure.

In contrast, weight loss occurs in a calorie deficit, where more calories are burned than consumed. Increased metabolism and improved athletic performance can be influenced by various factors, including physical activity and nutritional quality, but these are not guaranteed outcomes of simply being in a calorie surplus. Thus, the most direct result of a calorie surplus regarding nutrient consumption is the storage of fat.